Definition

Calcium and phosphorus are essential minerals that play a fundamental role in the health and development of horses. Both contribute significantly to the strength and integrity of the skeleton by forming the structural basis of bones.

Importance

In addition to their structural role, calcium and phosphorus are involved in several physiological processes:

• Nerve and muscle function: They help regulate nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
• Enzyme activity and metabolism: Both minerals are crucial for the proper functioning of enzymes and metabolic pathways.

Deficiency and its consequences

A lack of calcium or phosphorus can have serious implications:

• Young horses: Deficiency may result in improper bone formation and developmental disorders.
• Adult horses: Insufficient levels can lead to lameness, skeletal deformities, bone demineralisation, and impaired nervous system function.

Excess and its risks

While these minerals are vital, excessive amounts can be harmful. An imbalance may:

• Disrupt bone metabolism.
• Cause calcium deposits in blood vessel walls, kidneys, and lungs, leading to health complications.

Calcium-to-Phosphorus Ratio (Ca/P Ratio)

The Ca/P ratio refers to the proportion of calcium to phosphorus in feed or supplements. Maintaining the correct ratio is essential for optimal health:

• Young horses: Approximately 1.5:1.
• Adult horses: Approximately 2:1.

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