Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Definition
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a type of symbiotic association between certain soil fungi (Glomeromycota) and the roots of most terrestrial plants. The fungi penetrate the root cortical cells and form specialised structures called arbuscules, which facilitate nutrient exchange.
Importance
The interaction is crucial for plant growth, soil health, and ecosystem functioning. The fungus provides the plant with essential nutrients, such as nitrate and especially phosphorus, and sometimes water. The plant supplies the fungus with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis.
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