What are secretions and what are traces of secretions?

To detect semen on items such as clothing, we use two different methods to rule out errors.

First, we test whether the enzyme acid phosphatase can be detected on the sample, for example, a submitted garment. This enzyme is found in high concentrations in male ejaculate.

To confirm the result, we then verify it with an antibody test. For this, we use prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein produced by the prostate gland. PSA is also present in ejaculate.

Each sample is tested twice for the presence of semen using these two analyses. If a reaction occurs on the sample, it proves the presence of semen. This test cannot determine the person responsible or related the sequence of events.

The amylase test is used to detect saliva on tissue. Amylase is an enzyme present in saliva. Our test determines whether we can detect this amylase on the sample. For this, we use, for example, a cloth that appears to have saliva stains. We can then use a commercially available forensic cassette test to confirm the presence of saliva.

We can test for the presence of blood on objects or tissue. After a consultation suitable sample (clothes, underwear, sanitary napkins, etc.) is submitted to us. We can also send you cotton swabs in appropriate packaging to absorb fluids, to be collected for a sample.

We can test for the presence of urine on objects or tissues. After consulting with us, you can provide us with suitable samples (clothes, underwear, sanitary napkins, etc.). We can also send you cotton swabs in appropriate packaging for absorbing the fluids.

DNA in Urine

DNA can indeed be found in urine, albeit only in small amounts. A standard sample taken by a doctor can be used to create a human DNA profile. Such an analysis may be necessary, for example, to prove the identity of a urine sample's origin.